Romans took the Greek way and improved on it in govt and warfare
two groups arrived in the latins- etruscans and greeks and latins -1st at the tiger river
Etruscans - non-indo-european immagrants who arived in italy from the east in about the 9th century BC
gained control of territory to the north of the latins - etruria
city states under kings
lots of greek and eastern influence.
some etruscan kings ruled rome for a time
rome adopted gridiron plan for cities gladiatorial combat and the masonry arch from etruscans.
adopted the alphabet from greece
farming in italy had same farming reasources as greece
not as mountains
more population
thought rome was placed there by gods - meant to rule everything
senate picked and usually made up of patricians- upper class who had noble roman blood aristocrats.
successor to the king was chosen by the senate
500BC rome overthrew etruscan rulers
TARQUIN THE PROUD- last monarch, tyrant, all his fault
Tarquins son raped a very high upstanding person. tarquin didnt punish his son, lady killed herself :everyone overthrew the king
government became the "peoples business" RES PUBLICA
republic-city state govt which was shared control by the senate and male citizens
mix of a democracy and an oligarchy
Patricians- aristocrats
Plebeians- everyone else
after 509 BC -
Consuls- two senators who led govt an military for 1 year terms and appointed their own successors
they could veto eachother if its a bad idea
Dictator- single leader with full control, had max leader time 6 months, time of emergency
plebeians wanted power, rebelled a little
seneate needed a plan to let them share govt
lacked legal protection, writen around 450 BC
THE TWELVE TABLES
posted publiclyh
tribunes- consuls elected by the plebeians, gained power and even had enough to make laws and veto them
system of govt was widely admired
leadership of the republic still was in the senates hands
Client-provides personal services in return for money and protection from a patron
Patron-a wealthy person who supports others with money and protection in exchange for personal services
pontiff- one of the leading priests
families and clans were led by the paterfamilias - family father who had unlimited control over the household
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